Table 18 Overall category of challenges for each dataset.

From: Key insights into recommended SMS spam detection datasets

Dataset

Category of challenges

Dataset 1 (English)

Least challenging

Dataset 2 (Turkish)

Least challenging

Dataset 3 (English, French, and German)

Least challenging

Dataset 4 (Bengali)

Most challenging

Dataset 5 (English)

Most challenging

Dataset 6 (Hindi)

Least challenging

Dataset 7 (Persian)

Moderately challenging

Dataset 8 (Indonesian)

Least challenging

Dataset 9 (Hindi)

Moderately challenging

Dataset 10 (Hindi)

Most challenging