Fig. 1

Stiffness and viscoelastic moduli of ECs cultured in T24-ECGM were decreased compared to the controls. (a) Boxplot of the Young’s modulus E of the controls (blue, n = 43) and ECs cultured in T24-ECGM (orange, n = 57) (p = 0.08, Mann–Whitney U test). (b) \(G'\) and \(G''\) of controls (blue, n = 43) and ECs in T24-ECGM (orange, n = 57) as a function of frequency. Data points correspond to the mean value, while the error bars stand for the SEM. The continuous curves correspond to the best fittings of the data, according to Eq. (3). The fitting parameters are listed in Table 1.