Table 2 Steel elasticity stage parameters.

From: Influence of P-wave oblique incidence on seismic response of helical piles in soft soil sites

Material

Young’s modulus/GPa

Poisson’s ratio

Density/kg·m−3

Plastic stress

Plastic strain

Q235

212

0.288

7800

235.312594

0

255.39565

0.023754793

426.015094

0.12287613

462.025962

0.203852574