Table 1 Estimation of carbon dioxide emission coefficient for various energy sources.

From: Research on the decoupling effect and driving factors of industrial carbon emissions in Hubei province

Energy (unit)

NCV (kilojoules per kilogram or per cubic meter)

CEF (kilogram per gigajoule)

COF

Reference coefficient for converting various energy sources into standard coal in China (kilogram standard coal per kilogram or per cubic meter)

Estimation coefficient of carbon dioxide emissions in China (Kilogram per kilogram of standard coal)

Raw coal

20,908

26

0.99

0.7143

2.763

Crude oil

41,816

20

1

1.4286

2.145

Natural gas

38,931

15.3

1

1.33

1.642