Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Astaxanthin supplementation in Arabian racing horses mitigates oxidative stress and inflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells through enhanced mitophagy

Fig. 4

Effect of astaxanthin on the inflammatory response of horse PBMCs. (A–D) Analysis of the protein levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, INFy, TNFα) in control cells (CTRL), oxidative stress-induced cells (OS) and oxidative stress-induced cells treated with astaxanthin at 10 µM (OS + ASTA10) or 20 µM (OS + ASTA20) by ELISA. Mean and standard deviation are given. Statistical significance is depicted as; * p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01, *** p-value < 0.001, **** p-value < 0.0001; ns, not significant.

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