Table 2 Variable description and explanation.
Variable type | Variable name | Symbol | Measurement method |
|---|---|---|---|
Explanatory | AI usage | AI | Natural logarithm of term frequency + 1 |
Dependent | Sustainable development performance | SDI | Measured using the SDI |
Mediating | ESG performance | ESG | Huazheng ESG Index |
Control | Company size | Size | Natural logarithm of total assets |
Control | Leverage ratio | Lev | Total liabilities at year-end/total assets at year-end |
Control | Asset turnover ratio | AT | Annual revenue/total assets |
Control | Revenue growth rate | RG | Year-over-year growth in revenue |
Control | Tobin’s Q | Tobin’s Q | (Market value of tradable shares + non-tradable shares * book value per share + book value of liabilities)/Total assets |
