Table 4 Performance evaluation of different models and methods.

From: Predicting CaO activity in multiple slag system using improved whale optimization algorithm and categorical boosting

Model /method

R2

RMSE

MAE

FactSage

0.5396

0.0130

0.0083

IMCT

0.4891

0.0095

0.0058

GA-BP

0.7575

0.0074

0.0050

IWOA-CatBoost

0.9200

0.0042

0.0030

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