Table 3 Summary of performance parameters of 4T tandem solar cell calculated using SCAPS and TMM simulation.

ITO/Cu₂O/FA_0.8Cs_0.2Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃

(Eg ~ 1.77 eV) (350 nm)/C₆₀/SnO₂ /ITO/Au

Front cell- AM1.5G spectra

2.86

1.25

15.65

84.26

16.58

3.80

1.27

15.71

85.42

17.11

ITO/PEDOT: PSS/ FA_0.7MA_0.3Pb_0.5Sn_0.5I₃ (Eg ~ 1.22 eV) /C₆₀/SnO₂/Cu

Back cell-filtered spectra

–

0.82

15.28

80.21

18.40

4T tandem device (Cu₂O-HTL)

Mechanically stacked

2.86

–

–

–

34.98

3.80

–

–

–

35.51

ITO/Cu–O/FA_0.8Cs_0.2Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃

(Eg ~ 1.77 eV) (350 nm)/C₆₀/SnO₂ /ITO/Au

Front cell-

AM1.5G spectra

2.84

0.89

15.80

77.40

10.91

3.80

1.27

15.88

85.55

17.31

ITO/PEDOT: PSS/ FA_0.7MA_0.3Pb_0.5Sn_0.5I₃ (Eg ~ 1.22 eV) /C₆₀/SnO₂/Cu

Back cell-Filtered spectra

–

0.85

32.19

79.62

21.85

4T tandem device (Cu–O-HTL)

Mechanically stacked

2.84

–

–

32.76

3.80

–

–

–

39.16