Fig. 6

The convergence processes of four functions to the optimal solution based on the ACO and IACO. (a) F1(x) converged to the optimal solutionbased on the ACO and IACO. (b) F2(x) converged to the optimal solutionbased on the ACO and IACO. (c) F3(x) converged to the optimal solutionbased on the ACO and IACO. (d) F4(x) converged to the optimal solutionbased on the ACO and IACO.