Table 8 Evaluation indicators of the optimal operational paths for farmland 2 searched and planned the ACO and IACO.

From: Variable scale operational path planning for land levelling based on the improved ant colony optimization algorithm

Search and planning algorithm

Total path length/m

Empty load travel distance/m

Volume of earthwork moved/m3

ACO

114.37

69.27

3.15

IACO

155.01

67.07

6.2

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