Table 11 The results of factor analysis for the challenges of AEMSs.

From: Factors influencing the agricultural extension model sites in Iran

Factor

Eigenvalue

Variance percentage

Cumulative variance percentage

Technical-managerial

9.99

41.63

41.63

Employment creation

1.85

7.70

49.33

Social

1.42

5.93

55.26

Centralism

1.29

5.39

60.65

Economic

1.20

5.01

65.66

Knowledge management

1.05

4.37

70.03

  1. Source: Research findings, 2025.