Table 1 Environmental variables used in the study (sources: http://worldclim.org/version2; https://www.usgs.gov; https://soilgrids.org, and Https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov)

Climatic/bioclimatic variables

 bio1

Annual mean temperature

°C

 bio2

Mean diurnal range (mean of monthly (max temp – min temp))

°C

 bio3

Isothermality (P2/P7) × 100

 bio4

Temperature seasonality (standard deviation × 100)

 bio5

Max temperature of warmest Month

°C

 bio6

Min temperature of coldest month

°C

 bio7

Temperature annual range (P5–P6)

°C

 bio8

Mean temperature of wettest quarter

°C

 bio9

Mean temperature of driest quarter

°C

 bio10

Mean temperature of warmest quarter

°C

 bio11

Mean temperature of coldest quarter

°C

 bio12

Annual precipitation

mm

 bio13

Precipitation of wettest month

mm

 bio14

Precipitation of driest month

mm

 bio15

Precipitation of seasonality (coefficient of variation)

 bio16

Precipitation of wettest quarter

mm

 bio17

Precipitation of driest quarter

mm

 bio18

Precipitation of warmest quarter

mm

 bio19

Precipitation of coldest quarter

mm

 Prec

Precipitation

mm

 tmax

Maximum temperature

°C

 tmin

Minimum temperature

°C

 tavg

Average temperature

°C

Topographic variables

 Alt

Elevation

m

Soil variables

 Bulk density

Bulk density

cg/cm³

 Clay

Clay content

g/kg

 Coarse fragments

Coarse fragments

cm³/dm³

 Nitrogen

Nitrogen

g/kg

 Sand

Sand

g/kg

Soil variables

 Silt

Silt

g/kg

 Carbon density

Organic carbon density

g/dm³

 Cation exchange

Cation exchange capacity (at pH 7)

mmol(c)/kg

 pH

Soil pH

pH × 10

Habitat

 Habitat

Habitat types

–

 Proximity to sea

Distance to coastline

km

Remotely sensed

 NDVI

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

–

 NDWI

Normalized Difference Water Index

–

 NDDI

Normalized Difference Drought Index

–

 EVI

Enhanced Vegetation Index

–

 LST (Day)

Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity (Day algorithm)

K

 LST (Night)

Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity (Night algorithm)

K