Fig. 7

The topographic analysis from ASTER-GDEM raster data. Slope map (a), aspect map (b), hillshade map (c), curvature map (d), topographic wetness index (TWI) map (e) and roughness map (f) of the study area. (The maps shown in the figure were obtained and compiled using ArcGIS 10.5 (https://www.esri.com/) and Surfer 13.6 (www.goldensoftware.com), respectively, by Mohamed Genedi and Noura Gouhar).