Table 3 Output of linear mixed models conducted on honey bee P450 and Vg gene expression parameters in response to pesticide, diet, and pesticide*diet fixed model effects. Asterisks denote a significant effect at p<0.05. Significant values are in bold.

From: Honey bee immune response to trace concentrations of clothianidin goes beyond the macronutrients found in artificial diets

Variable

Period

Factor

DF

F ratio

P-value

Cyp6A13

End

Pesticide

2

0.44

0.64

Diet

4

22.3

< 0.001*

Pesticide*Diet

8

1.6

0.14

Cyp6Aq1

End

Pesticide

2

0.02

0.99

Diet

4

41.9

< 0.001*

Pesticide*Diet

8

1.0

0.41

Cyp9q1

End

Pesticide

2

0.09

0.92

Diet

4

12.9

< 0.001*

Pesticide*Diet

8

0.57

0.80

Cyp9q2

End

Pesticide

2

0.23

0.80

Diet

4

1.6

0.18

Pesticide*Diet

8

0.76

0.64

Cyp9q3

End

Pesticide

2

0.75

0.48

Diet

4

21.9

< 0.001*

Pesticide*Diet

8

0.74

0.66

Vg

End

Pesticide

2

0.84

0.44

Diet

4

40.8

< 0.001*

Pesticide*Diet

8

2.3

0.03*