Fig. 3

Decision curve analysis and feature permutation importance. (A) ROC curve of the ensemble classifier, (B) Decision curve analysis (DCA) for predicting postoperative axial pain in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy; (C) Top 10 features contributing to postoperative axial pain prediction in the ensemble classifier. Pre preoperative, JOARR Japanese Orthopedic Association recovery rate, HADS-D Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—Depression, SF-36 Short form-36 survey.