Fig. 1

Tectonic map of the Alps with adjacent chains and basins. Colours indicate plate affinity: blue = accreted continental Europe, brown = accreted continental Adria, dark brown = autochthonous Adria. Other colours: dark grey = peripheral Tertiary basins (foreland Molasse Basin, hinterland Po-Veneto Basin, Pannonian Basin). Mesozoic sutures (dark green = Alpine Tethyan ophiolites, light green = Neotethyan ophiolites). Alpine Tethyan ophiolites mark the Adria-Europe plate boundary in Late Cretaceous-to-Eocene time (simplified from2,3). Yellow dashed line encloses AlpArray passive seismic network (AASN) comprising >600 broadband stations, yellow box outlines Swath D targeted array with 154 broadband stations, yellow line—EASI passive seismic swath.