Table 1 Comparison of pre-COVID, post-COVID, and changes in clinical characteristics between participants with type 2 diabetes without COVID infection, and mild and severe COVID.

From: COVID-19 and neuropathy in type 2 diabetes

 

No COVID-19 (n = 41)

COVID-19

(n = 21)

Severe COVID-19

(n = 8)

P value

Age, years

54.9 ± 9.0

56.2 ± 6.1

55.7 ± 7.3

0.89

Men, n (%)

21 (70.0)

5 (16.7)

4 (13.3)

0.14

Women, n (%)

20 (51.3)

15 (38.5)

4 (10.3)

Hb1Ac pre-COVID, %

8.2 ± 1.0

8.1 ± 0.9

8.4 ± 1.1

0.47

Hb1Ac post-COVID, %

8.1 ± 1.4

8.0 ± 1.2

8.5 ± 1.8

0.38

ΔHb1Ac, %

-0.1 ± 1.3

-0.1 ± 1.5

0.2 ± 1.4

0.52

Total cholesterol pre-COVID, mmol/L

4.18 ± 1.19

3.88 ± 0.87

4.67 ± 1.09

0.35

Total cholesterol post-COVID, mmol/L

3.99 ± 1.24

4.28 ± 0.63

4.56 ± 1.11

0.63

ΔTotal cholesterol, mmol/L

-0.19 ± 1.51

0.40 ± 0.95

-0.11 ± 1.22

0.38

Triglyceride pre-COVID, mmol/L

1.81 ± 1.27

1.68 ± 1.32

1.11 ± 0.20

0.30

Triglyceride post-COVID, mmol/L

1.50 ± 0.68

1.46 ± 0.74

1.61 ± 1.18

0.66

ΔTriglyceride, mmol/L

-0.34 ± 1.26

-0.25 ± 1.56

0.50 ± 1.16

0.21

HDL pre-COVID, mmol/L

1.07 ± 0.28

1.09 ± 0.28

1.37 ± 0.33†

< 0.05

HDL post-COVID, mmol/L

1.20 ± 0.34

1.35 ± 0.45

1.46 ± 0.35

0.51

ΔHDL, mmol/L

0.13 ± 0.26

0.26 ± 0.39

0.09 ± 0.12

0.21

LDL pre-COVID, mmol/L

2.28 ± 0.87

2.00 ± 0.70

2.84 ± 0.98

< 0.05

LDL post-COVID, mmol/L

1.94 ± 0.87

2.33 ± 0.55

2.41 ± 0.90

0.80

ΔLDL, mmol/L

-0.32 ± 0.80

0.33 ± 0.71†

-0.43 ± 0.96

< 0.05

Systolic BP pre-COVID, mmHg

129.1 ± 16.2

118.4 ± 17.8‡

128.0 ± 20.4

0.19

Systolic BP post-COVID, mmHg

134.9 ± 12.9

127.1 ± 14.1‡

128.8 ± 15.9

0.77

ΔSystolic BP, mmHg

5.9 ± 19.3

8.7 ± 19.17

0.8 ± 29.1

0.36

Diastolic BP pre-COVID, mmHg

78.4 ± 8.8

74.1 ± 11.4

74.4 ± 12.9

0.94

Diastolic BP post-COVID, mmHg

75.1 ± 7.5

74.7 ± 8.4

73.5 ± 9.5

0.73

ΔDiastolic BP, mmHg

-3.4 ± 12.0

0.6 ± 12.0

-0.9 ± 16.4

0.78

Body weight pre-COVID, kg

84.8 ± 12.0

79.0 ± 10.2

81.0 ± 10.8

0.69

Body weight post-COVID, kg

80.8 ± 11.2

78.2 ± 9.4

83.5 ± 12.3

0.27

ΔBody weight, kg

-4.0 ± 9.5

-0.8 ± 7.8

2.4 ± 5.2

0.39

BMI pre-COVID, kg/m2

31.9 ± 2.9

32.1 ± 3.7

30.2 ± 2.9

0.20

BMI post-COVID, kg/m2

31.0 ± 3.5

31.5 ± 4.9

31.8 ± 3.6

0.86

ΔBMI, kg/m2

-0.9 ± 2.6

-0.6 ± 3.6

1.6 ± 2.3

0.10

  1. Numeric and categorical variables are summarized as means ± standard deviation and n (%), respectively. Variables were compared using one-way ANOVA except for sex which was compared using χ2. Variables that were significantly different between the no COVID-19 group and COVID-19 groups were denoted as ‡P ≤ 0.05, †P ≤ 0.01, ††P ≤ 0.001, †††P ≤ 0.0001. P value for mild vs. severe COVID. Abbreviations: Δ = difference and BP = blood pressure.
Back to article page