Table 5 Comparison of neuropathy characteristics between pre-COVID-19 (baseline) and post-COVID-19 (follow-up visit) in participants with type 2 diabetes without COVID-19 infection, with COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and long COVID.
Pre-COVID | Post-COVID | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No COVID-19 (n = 41) | DPN (DN4 & CNFL), n (%) | 5 (12.2) | 10 (24.4) | 0.15 |
DPN (DN4 & VPT), n (%) | 5 (12.5) | 3 (7.5) | 0.46 | |
CNFD, fibers/mm2 | 26.3 ± 9.5 | 22.3 ± 8.3↓ | < 0.0001 | |
CNBD, branches/mm2 | 60.2 ± 34.9 | 38.0 ± 27.9↓ | < 0.0001 | |
CNFL, mm/mm2 | 17.3 ± 6.4 | 14.9 ± 6.2↓ | < 0.01 | |
VPT, V | 9.6 ± 5.7 | 9.8 ± 6.9 | 0.82 | |
DN4, score | 2.5 ± 2.7 | 2.2 ± 2.2 | 0.32 | |
COVID-19 (n = 21) | DPN (DN4 & CNFL), n (%) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (20.0) | 0.34 |
DPN (DN4 & VPT), n (%) | 2 (9.5) | 2 (9.5) | 1.00 | |
CNFD, fibers/mm2 | 27.4 ± 9.6 | 23.0 ± 7.9↓ | < 0.05 | |
CNBD, branches/mm2 | 70.0 ± 49.3 | 37.7 ± 25.4↓ | < 0.01 | |
CNFL, mm/mm2 | 18.1 ± 6.8 | 14.6 ± 5.2↓ | < 0.01 | |
VPT, V | 7.8 ± 4.3 | 8.9 ± 5.3 | 0.25 | |
DN4, score | 2.6 ± 2.0 | 2.4 ± 2.4 | 0.63 | |
Severe COVID-19 (n = 8) | DPN (DN4 & CNFL), n (%) | 2 (28.6) | 3 (37.5) | 0.71 |
DPN (DN4 & VPT), n (%) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (25.0) | 0.61 | |
CNFD, fibers/mm2 | 24.4 ± 8.4 | 21.5 ± 10.8 | 0.33 | |
CNBD, branches/mm2 | 62.0 ± 31.9 | 31.8 ± 15.4↓ | < 0.01 | |
CNFL, mm/mm2 | 16.4 ± 6.2 | 13.2 ± 5.3 | 0.06 | |
VPT, V | 10.5 ± 5.7 | 11.6 ± 6.8 | 0.31 | |
DN4, score | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 3.1 ± 2.7 | 0.89 | |
Long COVID (n = 9) | DPN (DN4 & CNFL), n (%) | 1 (11.1) | 3 (33.3) | 0.26 |
DPN (DN4 & VPT), n (%) | 2 (22.2) | 2 (22.2) | 0.89 | |
CNFD, fibers/mm2 | 24.4 ± 5.3 | 25.2 ± 5.5 | 0.76 | |
CNBD, branches/mm2 | 52.1 ± 21.8 | 38.5 ± 18.8 | 0.14 | |
CNFL, mm/mm2 | 15.8 ± 4.5 | 14.9 ± 3.7 | 0.65 | |
VPT, V | 13.4 ± 6.2 | 28.7 ± 27.2 | 0.30 | |
DN4, score | 4.0 ± 2.8 | 3.8 ± 1.8 | 0.82 | |
