Table 3 Thermodynamic parameters of Cu2+, Pb2+and Ni2+ adsorption on activated bentonite Clay.

From: Adsorptive removal of lead, copper, and nickel using natural and activated Egyptian calcium bentonite clay

T (K)

Metal ion

ΔH° (KJ/mol)

ΔS° (KJ/K.mol)

ΔG° (KJ/mol)

293

Cu2+

10.129045

0.041487

− 2.06054

303

− 2.37783

313

− 2.8589

323

− 3.31776

333

− 3.66674

293

Pb2+

10.58183

0.041222

− 1.51173

303

− 1.89886

313

− 2.33187

323

− 2.6673

333

− 3.19418

293

Ni2+

6.826873

0.027001

− 1.08326

303

− 1.34117

313

− 1.64551

323

− 1.90137

333

− 2.15125