Fig. 5
Molecular model of the dual function of 2-undecanone on C. elegans. (A) A model of the repel-and-kill effect of 2-undecanone on C. elegans. 2-Undecanone emits expelled odors which is detected by the AWB olfactory of C. elegans. (B) Molecular mechanism of the repellent response of C. elegans induced by 2-undecanone. Nematodes sense 2-undecanone signal that is dependent on neuronal signaling in AWB odor sensory neurons. Then, the signal is transduced via cGMP pathway. (C) Molecular mechanism of 2-undecanone killing C. elegans. 2-Undecanone first binds to the target protein Hsp70 A, and inhibits ASM activity, leading to the accumulation of SM. This results in increased membrane permeability of the lysosome and the release of cathepsin from the lysosome into the cytoplasm, triggering cell death. In addition, 2-undecanone can also bind to V-ATPase A, impairing the acidification inside lysosomes and exacerbating the cell death process of lysosomes. Generated by Adobe Illustrator 2020 (version number 28.0.0, https://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator.html).
