Table 3 Key space comparison.

From: An image encryption scheme using 4-D chaotic system and cellular automaton

Algorithm

Key space

Proposed

\(10^{840}\)

Norouzi et al.7

\(10^{56}\)

Man et al.12

\(10^{188}\)

Yahi et al.60

\(10^{84}\)

Niu et al.59

\(10^{70}\)

Chen and Ye61

\(10^{79}\)

Benaissi62

\(10^{704}\)

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