Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Kiam wood, Cotylelobium lanceotatum, extract as a natural antimicrobial agent: protecting Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, against vibriosis

Fig. 4

The survival rate of the Pacific white shrimps infected with V. parahemolyticus followed by feeding with a diet supplemented with Kiam wood extract at 1 mg/g feed. C-: Negative control (NaCl 0.85%), where shrimp were fed a normal diet without any pathogen challenge. The study included three groups: a negative control (C-) where shrimp were fed a normal diet without pathogen challenge, a positive control (C+) where shrimp were challenged with a bacterial pathogen but received no KWE supplementation, and a treatment group (KWE) where shrimp were challenged with the pathogen and fed a diet mixed with KWE. Values represent the mean survival rate. Bars represent the standard deviation of four replicates. Asterisk (*) denotes a significant difference at p < 0.001.

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