Fig. 7 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 7

From: Kiam wood, Cotylelobium lanceotatum, extract as a natural antimicrobial agent: protecting Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, against vibriosis

Fig. 7

Semi-granulocyte cells of Pacific white shrimp quantified on days 0, 6, 9, 12, and day 15. The data presented are the average values, and the error bars represent the standard deviations of four replicates. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments, with lowercase letters denoting comparisons within the same sampling period and uppercase letters indicating comparisons of the same treatments across different sampling periods. The study included three groups: a negative control (C-) where shrimp were fed a normal diet without pathogen challenge, a positive control (C+) where shrimp were challenged with a bacterial pathogen but received no supplementation, and a treatment group (KWE) where shrimp were challenged with the pathogen and fed a diet mixed with KWE.

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