Fig. 1 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 1

From: Enhanced peri-implantitis management through purple-LED irradiation coupled with silver ion application and calcium phosphate gene transfection carrier coating

Fig. 1

(A) Bactericidal effect of Ag-purple LED treatment on suspended bacteria. Symbol ●, ▲, and × demonstrate Silver + LED treatment, Silver − No LED treatment, and Control (water) − No LED groups, respectively. *Significant differences compared to Control (water)-No LED group (p < 0.05). §Significant differences between Silver + LED treatment and Silver-No LED treatment groups (p < 0.05). (B) Log reduction (●) between Silver + LED treatment group and Control (water)-No LED groups, (▲) Silver-No LED treatment group and Control (water)-No LED groups, (◆) Silver + LED treatment group and Silver-No LED treatment group. (C) Bactericidal effect of Cu-purple LED treatment on suspended bacteria Symbols ●, ▲, and × demonstrate Copper + LED treatment, Copper-No LED treatment, and Control (water)-No LED groups, respectively. *Significant differences compared to Control (water)-No LED group (p < 0.05). §Significant differences between Copper + LED treatment and Copper-No LED treatment groups (p < 0.05). (D) Log reduction (●) between Copper + LED treatment group and Control (water)-No LED groups, (▲) Copper-No LED treatment group and Control (water)-No LED groups, (◆) Copper + LED treatment group and Copper-No LED treatment group. (E) Bactericidal effect of Fe-purple LED treatment on suspended bacteria Symbols ●, ▲, and × demonstrate Iron + LED treatment, Iron-No LED treatment, and Iron-No LED treatment groups, respectively. *Significant differences compared to Control (water)-No LED group (p < 0.05). §Significant differences between Iron + LED treatment and Iron-No LED treatment groups (p < 0.05). (F) Log reduction (●) between Iron + LED treatment group and Control (water)-No LED groups, (▲) Iron-No LED treatment group and Control (water)-No LED groups, (◆) Iron + LED treatment group and Iron-No LED treatment group. (G) Representative electron spin resistance (ESR) spectra of the radicals generated by (a) S. a-Ag, (b) S. a-Ag-LED, (c) S. a-Fe, (d) S. a-Fe-LED, (e) S. a-Cu, (f) S. a-Cu-LED, and (g) S. a-LED. (H) Radical generation at metal ion concentrations Symbols ■, ▩, and □ demonstrate Silver + LED treatment, Copper + LED treatment, and Iron + LED treatment groups, respectively. *Significant differences between Silver + LED treatment and Copper + LED treatment groups (p < 0.05). §Significant differences between Iron + LED treatment and Copper + LED treatment groups (p < 0.05). (I) Comparison of cell viability of the combination treatment (Silver + LED), silver ion application (Silver alone), or purple LED irradiation (LED alone). No significant differences were noted among all groups.

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