Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Enhanced peri-implantitis management through purple-LED irradiation coupled with silver ion application and calcium phosphate gene transfection carrier coating

Fig. 3

(A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of titanium surfaces in a) non-contamination group, b) biofilm, c) Silver-No LED treatment group, and d) Silver-LED treatment group. Symbols ⇒ and △ shows bacteria and granule deposits, respectively. (B) Bactericidal effects of silver ion on biofilm on titanium. Symbols ●, ▲, and × demonstrate Silver + LED treatment, Silver-No LED treatment, and Control (water)-No LED groups, respectively. *Significant differences between Silver + LED treatment and Control (water)-No LED groups (p < 0.05). §Significant differences between Silver + LED treatment and Silver-No LED treatment groups (p < 0.05). (C) Log reduction (●) between Silver + LED treatment group and Control (water)-No LED groups, (▲) Silver-No LED treatment group and Control (water)-No LED groups, (◆) Silver + LED treatment group and Silver-No LED treatment group. (D) Evaluation of contact angle in non-contamination, bacteria-attached group, Silver-No LED treatment group, and Silver-No LED treatment group. * Significant difference (P < 0.05). (E) An example of contact angle of titanium disk in a) Non contamination group: 17.4°, b) Biofilm group: 40.1°, c) Silver-No LED treatment group: 22.4°, and d) Control (water)-No LED group: 21.9°.

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