Fig. 3

snRNA-seq of two 46,XX human fetal ovaries. (a) UMAP (uniform manifold approximation and projection) of cell lineages across the merged dataset, which represents 10,291 cells from two 46,XX ovaries. Individual cell populations are annotated. FGC, fetal germ cells; OSE, ovarian surface epithelium; PGC, primordial germ cells. Markers were based on prior knowledge, markers identified in this study (e.g., GABRG1), and on previously published markers (Garcia-Alonso et al., Nature, 2022). (b) Upper panel: Dot plot showing the relative average expression and percentage of cells expressing germ cell markers used for snRNA-seq analysis of the developing ovary. Lower panel: Dot plot showing the relative average expression and percentage of cells expressing somatic cell markers. FGC, fetal germ cells; OSE, ovarian surface epithelium; PGC, primordial germ cells. (c) Violin plots showing key differentially expressed genes in the fetal ovary localized to the merged 11/12wpc 46,XX snRNA-seq dataset (left panel; see Fig. 3a for cluster annotation) and to the bulk RNAseq data at four developmental stages. (d) Dot plot demonstrating expression within different single-cell populations of potentially upregulated novel ovary genes, some of which are related to metabolic function or cell proliferation. e Dot plot demonstrating expression within different single-cell populations of key MAGE family genes.