Table 4 Comparison of time response metrics.

From: A new intelligent control strategy for CSTH temperature regulation based on the starfish optimization algorithm

Time response metric

SFOA-tuned 2DOF-PIDA

Murrill-tuned SPID

\({t_{rise,norm}}\) (s)

50.6027

54.7109

\({t_{set,norm}}\) (s)

192.5837

492.3235

\({O_{s,norm}}\) (%)

0.0183

27.1128

\({E_{ss,~norm}}\) (%)

4.2105E−05

0.0057

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