Table 12 Comparative Analysis.

From: Performance evaluation on extended neural network localization algorithm on 5 g new radio technology

Method

TDoA

AoA

FoA

Mean

SD

Min

Max

Mean

SD

Min

Max

Mean

SD

Min

Max

SA IAA

5.2

1.1

3.8

7.3

30.5°

6.2°

18.0°

43.0°

45.1°

7.5°

30.1°

55.3°

Fused 5G/Geomagnetism/VIO

4.8

0.9

3.5

6.2

29.3°

5.5°

20.0°

40.2°

42.7°

6.4°

29.0°

52.8°

PSO

6.0

1.2

4.0

8.0

31.0°

7.0°

19.0°

44.0°

46.2°

8.1°

32.0°

56.0°

WiFi-based Two-Way CSI Fusion

4.9

1.0

3.6

6.5

30.0°

6.0°

19.0°

42.0°

44.0°

7.0°

28.5°

54.0°

RW-MM

5.3

1.3

4.0

7.5

32.0°

6.3°

21.0°

44.5°

47.0°

7.8°

31.2°

56.0°

RRW-SDR

5.0

1.1

3.8

7.0

29.6°

5.8°

18.5°

41.5°

43.9°

6.5°

28.2°

52.0°

Adaptive Kalman Filter

4.7

1.0

3.4

6.2

28.7°

5.2°

19.3°

39.0°

42.4°

6.2°

27.5°

51.0°

DTR

4.6

0.8

3.3

5.9

28.5°

5.0°

18.2°

38.5°

41.8°

5.9°

26.8°

50.0°

Proposed Method

4.2

0.7

3.0

5.4

27.0°

4.5°

17.5°

37.0°

39.5°

5.4°

25.0°

48.5°