Table 1 Critical environmental risk factors of HPAI identified using LDA.

From: Investigating environmental determinants and spatiotemporal dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 outbreaks in India through machine learning

Parameters

Mean

SD

F-value

p-value

95% CI

Air temperature

24.34

3.68

14.31

1.82 × 10− 4*

23.96–24.72

Potential evaporation rate

212.82

81.84

14.88

1.36 × 10− 4*

204.38-221.26

Rainfall precipitation rate

1.84

3.07

43.45

1.60 × 10− 10*

1.52–2.16

Specific humidity

0.01

0.00

5.30

2.19 × 10− 2*

0.009–0.01

Surface pressure

98403.93

2895.99

0.40

0.53

98105.43-98702.43

Wind speed

2.31

0.76

6.53

1.10 × 10− 2*

2.23–2.39

Soil moisture

23.77

5.18

0.88

0.35

23.24–24.3

LST

29.18

6.11

0.56

0.46

28.55–29.81

NDVI

0.47

0.16

0.09

0.76

0.45–0.49

EVI

0.26

0.10

12.67

4.23 × 10− 4*

0.25–0.27

PET

759.1

1237.48

10.91

1.05 × 10− 3*

632.05-887.15

LAI

0.38

0.77

16.18

7.07 × 10− 5*

0.29–0.45

Water bodies

2288.98

2979.58

1.46

0.23

1981.86-2596.1

  1. SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval.
  2. *Significant at 5 per cent level of significance.
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