Table 3 Multivariable hierarchical linear regression analysis taking the autism social distance scale as the dependent variable.

From: A cross-sectional study of public knowledge and stigma towards autism spectrum disorder in Lebanon

 

U-Beta

S-Beta

P-value

Lower confidence interval

Higher confidence interval

VIF

Model 1 considering the sociodemographic variables as the independent variablesa

 Marital status (married vs single*)

 − 0.192

 − 0.026

0.544

 − 0.814

0.430

1.763

 Gender (female vs male*)

0.040

0.006

0.872

 − 0.443

0.522

1.176

 Education (university vs school*)

0.320

0.036

0.303

 − 0.290

0.929

1.231

 Family income per month (high vs. low*)

 − 1.033

 − 0.098

0.011

 − 1.829

 − 0.238

1.463

 Drinking alcohol (yes vs no*)

0.516

0.023

0.483

 − 0.926

1.957

1.057

 Smoking (yes vs no*)

0.483

0.064

0.057

 − 0.014

0.979

1.126

 Number of children

0.415

0.191

 < .001

0.187

0.643

2.817

Model 2 Adding to the sociodemographic characteristics’ variables related to training and prior knowledge with individuals with autismb

 Marital status (married vs single*)

 − 0.266

 − 0.035

0.398

 − 0.883

0.351

1.769

 Gender (female vs male*)

0.143

0.020

0.570

 − 0.352

0.638

1.262

 Education (university vs school*)

0.441

0.050

0.158

 − 0.171

1.054

1.268

 Family income per month (high vs. low*)

 − 0.899

 − 0.085

0.029

 − 1.704

 − 0 .095

1.525

 Drinking alcohol (yes vs no*)

0.154

0.007

0.835

 − 1.300

1.607

1.096

 Smoking (yes vs no*)

0.508

0.068

0.045

0.012

1.004

1.148

 Number of children

0.362

0.167

0.002

0.134

0.590

2.870

 Undergone training for interacting with individuals with autism (yes vs no*)

0.911

0.059

0.091

 − 0.145

1.968

1.237

 Prior knowledge (yes vs no*)

 − 0.723

 − 0.100

0.006

 − 1.239

 − 0.207

1.327

 Experience with individuals with autism (yes vs No*)

0.871

0.107

0.002

0.318

1.424

1.203

Model 3 Adding the knowledge total score to the sociodemographic characteristics’ variables and variables related to training and prior knowledge with individuals with autismc

 

 Marital status (married vs single*)

 − .0352

 − .047

0.261

 −0 .967

0.262

1.779

 Gender (female vs male*)

0.043

0.006

0.865

 − 0.452

0.537

1.277

 Education (university vs school*)

0.457

0.052

0.141

 − 0.151

1.066

1.268

 Family income per month (high vs. low*)

 − 0.778

 −0 .074

0.057

 − 1.580

0.024

1.535

 Drinking alcohol (yes vs no*)

0.242

0.011

0.743

 − 1.203

1.686

1.097

 Smoking (yes vs no*)

0.538

0.072

0.033

0.045

1.031

1.149

 Number of children

0.456

0.209

 < .001

0.224

0.688

3.011

 Undergone training for interacting with individuals with autism (yes vs no*)

0.993

0.065

0.064

 − 0.058

2.043

1.239

 Prior knowledge (yes vs no*)

 − 0.626

 − 0.086

0.017

 − 1.141

 − 0.111

1.341

 Experience with individuals with autism (yes vs no*)

1.011

0.124

 < 0.001

0.457

1.565

1.225

 The autism stigma and knowledge questionnaire total score

 − 0.064

 − 0.127

 < 0.001

 − 0.099

 − 0.030

1.223

  1. aVariables entered in the model: marital status, gender, education level, family monthly income, drinking alcohol, smoking, occupation level, having a health insurance, age and number of children.
  2. bVariables entered in the model: marital status, gender, education level, family monthly income, drinking alcohol, smoking, occupation level, having a health insurance, age, number of children, previously attended any lecture or seminar about autism, undergone training for interacting with individuals with autism and prior knowledge of autism.
  3. cVariables entered in the model: marital status, gender, education level, family monthly income, drinking alcohol, smoking, occupation level, having health insurance, age, number of children, previously attended any lecture or seminar about autism, undergone training for interacting with individuals with autism and prior knowledge of autism and knowledge total score.
  4. *Reference group. U-Beta, unstandardized beta; S-Beta, standardized beta; VIF, variance inflation factor.
  5. The bold font is used to indicate statistically significant values.
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