Table 2 Parameters of interface elements.

From: Numerical analysis of mechanical response in bridge and pile foundations due to shield cutting of residual piles

Positions

kn (MPa)

ks (MPa)

φ (°)

c (kPa)

Soil & pile

389

389

22.8

0

Soil & shield body

259

259

11.7

0

Soil & lining

259

259

11.7

0

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