Fig. 3

(a) Traditional planar coil-shape windings with vias. (b) Novel via-free S-shape (VFSS) winding pattern. (c) Working principle of a 2-phase linear stepping motor made with VFSS FPCB windings.

(a) Traditional planar coil-shape windings with vias. (b) Novel via-free S-shape (VFSS) winding pattern. (c) Working principle of a 2-phase linear stepping motor made with VFSS FPCB windings.