Table 5 Unit carbon emissions for producing and transporting concrete ingredients (kg/kg).

From: Mechanical, workability, economic and environmental properties of concrete with limestone calcined clay cement and recycled aggregates

Ingredient

C

M

LP

W

FNA

FRA

CNA

CRA

SP

Producing

9.12E−1

3.00E−1

1.00E−1

2.56E−4

1.60E−2

3.53E−3

5.27E−2

3.54E−3

1.88E + 0

Conveying

9.47E−3

1.79E−2

4.10E−3

0.00E + 0

1.66E−2

1.54E−2

1.28E−2

1.54E−2

2.32E−2

  1. (i) C-cement, M-metakaolin, LP-limestone power, W-water, FNA-fine NA, FRA-fine RA, CNA-coarse NA, CRA-coarse RA, SP-superplasticizer; (ii) The CO2 − eq emissions for concrete batching are 2.3 kg/m3.
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