Fig. 4
Sequential Steps of the Common Carotid Artery Approach for the Circle of Willis Perforation Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model. A: Cervical segment of Common Carotid Artery (CCA) isolated, with proximal and distal ligation. B: 33-gauge needle punctures CCA; 5-0 Nylon filament inserted and fixed with middle ligation; distal ligation removed. C: 5-0 Nylon mono-filament inserted and fixed with middle ligation; distal ligation then completely removed. D: Middle ligation removed for blood perfusion via Willis circle; gradual release of proximal ligation to minimize rebleeding risk. E: Proximal ligation completely removed for full CCA lumen perfusion. Arrows: Pink-proximal ligation; Green-distal ligation; Black-middle ligation; White-needle; Blue-filament; Yellow-puncture site.
