Fig. 5

Distribution of mutation frequencies for (a) dhps A437G and (b) dhps K540E. Data were aggregated at the administrative division 1 level. To improve visualisation and avoid overlapping markers for nearby locations, data from Senegal, Gambia, Ghana, Mali and Benin were combined at the country level for panel b. Colours represent mutation frequencies ranging from 0 (no mutation detected) to 1 (100% of the parasites in the location carrying the mutation). Generated using the mapMutationPrevalence function from the grcMalaria R package (version 2.0.0)17.