Table 2 Descriptive statistics data of physicochemical characteristics for Manzala Lake water during 2015 and 2022.

Temp. °C

12.4–26.9

19.74 ± 6.56

33.24

12.29–31.52

21.62 ± 8.73

40.38

Trans.cm

10–60

30.42 ± 11.6

38.14

15–60

37.29 ± 15.6

41.84

EC mS cm⁻¹

1.83–32.17

9.35 ± 9.24

98.83

1.7–55.08

13.58 ± 14.17

94.18

Salinity ‰

1.28–22.52

6.54 ± 6.47

98.83

1.20–39.06

10.53 ± 9.92

94.18

pH

7.31–8.99

8.29 ± 0.4

4.77

7.46–8.94

8.38 ± 0.45

5.37

DO mg L⁻¹

0.39–12.16

5.73 ± 3.17

55.38

0.68–12.47

6.96 ± 3.27

47.34

BOD mg L⁻¹

8.16–85.16

29.36 ± 21.28

72.47

5.69–66.12

23.26 ± 18.16

78.06

COD mg L⁻¹

15.91–151.76

60.48 ± 45.13

74.62

10.45–134.69

49.12 ± 41.51

84.52

NO₂–N µg L⁻¹

0–219.4

102.32 ± 78.8

77.01

0.00–346.11

87.98 ± 107.77

122.49

NO₃–N µg L⁻¹

103.71–816.14

339.05 ± 188.64

55.64

28.19–644.31

205.91 ± 178.44

86.66

NH₄–N µg L⁻¹

0.16–11.19

3.01 ± 3.54

118.29

0.11–9.23

2.29 ± 3.02

131.82

PO₄–P µg L⁻¹

86.75–649.28

259.83 ± 184.59

71.04

16.3–432.86

148.51 ± 125.47

84.49

TN mg L⁻¹

0.44–16.99

4.92 ± 5.13

104.24

0.27–13.09

3.7 ± 4.25

114.81

TP µg L⁻¹

148.37–949.96

466.94 ± 277.46

59.42

76.13–918.85

378.35 ± 290.51

76.78