Fig. 2

Disease-free survival analysis of patients with pT4a gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma based on tumor characteristics. Kaplan–Meier survival curves illustrating 5-year disease-free survival rates in patients with pT4a gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma. Panel (a) compares survival outcomes based on the presence vs. absence of tumor size > 40 mm and depth of invasion > 10 mm. Panels (b) and (c) delineate survival based on the presence vs. absence of bone and skin invasion, respectively. Statistical significance was assessed using the log-rank test, with p-values indicated.