Table 2 Characteristics of study participants by quartile categories of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI scores.
Quartiles of PDI | P* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (n = 2625) | Q2 (n = 2492) | Q3 (n = 2021) | Q4 (n = 2701) | ||
Age (year) | 49.72 ± 9.61 | 50.40 ± 9.46 | 50.56 ± 9.39 | 50.32 ± 8.91 | 0.009 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.18 ± 4.86 | 28.55 ± 4.95 | 28.53 ± 4.82 | 28.42 ± 4.79 | 0.03 |
Physical activity (MET-h/day) | 43.86 ± 9.87 | 43.10 ± 9.37 | 42.52 ± 8.81 | 42.69 ± 8.95 | < 0.001 |
Female (%) | 58.3% | 60.4% | 62.0% | 57.5% | 0.007 |
Married (%) | 91.7% | 91.5% | 91.6% | 92.6% | 0.43 |
Urban (%) | 61.4% | 68.5% | 70.3% | 72.9% | < 0.001 |
SES (%) | |||||
Very low | 20.8% | 18.7% | 20.5% | 19.8% | < 0.001 |
Low | 20.8% | 19.9% | 19.4% | 20.3% | |
Medium | 18.2% | 19.1% | 20.5% | 22.1% | |
High | 18.7% | 20.9% | 21.2% | 20.4% | |
Very high | 21.4% | 21.4% | 18.4% | 17.4% | |
Education (university graduated) (%) | 25.4% | 24.4% | 22.3% | 20.6% | < 0.001 |
Diabetes (%) | 18.5% | 18.6% | 16.9% | 14.7% | < 0.001 |
High blood pressure (%) | 18.9% | 24.6% | 23.7% | 22.3% | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular diseases (%) | 8.2% | 9.2% | 9.9% | 9.4% | 0.22 |
Cancer (%) | 1.5% | 1.6% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 0.27 |
Smoker (%) | 10.0% | 8.3% | 8.4% | 9.4% | 0.09 |
Alcohol use (%) | 9.2% | 8.0% | 7.1% | 6.5% | 0.002 |
Quartiles of hPDI | P* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (n = 2508) | Q2 (n = 2329) | Q3 (n = 2624) | Q4 (n = 2378) | ||
Age (year) | 47.64 ± 9.16 | 50.06 ± 9.38 | 50.93 ± 9.26 | 52.36 ± 8.94 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.93 ± 4.79 | 28.42 ± 4.88 | 28.51 ± 4.85 | 28.80 ± 4.86 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity (MET-h/day) | 42.98 ± 9.14 | 42.99 ± 9.29 | 43.02 ± 9.24 | 43.29 ± 9.53 | 0.60 |
Female (%) | 55.2% | 59.0% | 62.3% | 60.9% | < 0.001 |
Married (%) | 92.8% | 92.4% | 90.5% | 91.9% | 0.01 |
Urban (%) | 68.4% | 68.3% | 68.7% | 67.3% | 0.74 |
SES (%) | |||||
Very low | 17.0% | 19.3% | 21.4% | 22.0% | < 0.001 |
Low | 19.4% | 20.1% | 20.0% | 21.1% | |
Medium | 19.3% | 21.0% | 20.7% | 19.0% | |
High | 23.5% | 20.7% | 18.7% | 18.1% | |
Very high | 20.8% | 19.0% | 19.2% | 19.8% | |
Education (university graduated) (%) | 27.3% | 22.6% | 21.5% | 21.4% | < 0.001 |
Diabetes (%) | 9.2% | 14.8% | 19.4% | 25.4% | < 0.001 |
High blood pressure (%) | 15.8% | 20.9% | 24.4% | 28.0% | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular diseases (%) | 5.9% | 9.4% | 9.3% | 11.9% | < 0.001 |
Cancer (%) | 1.2% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 0.11 |
Smoker (%) | 12.7% | 9.4% | 7.7% | 6.3% | < 0.001 |
Quartiles of uPDI | P* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (n = 2368) | Q2 (n = 2252) | Q3 (n = 2899) | Q4 (n = 2320) | ||
Age (year) | 50.34 ± 9.22 | 50.06 ± 9.19 | 50.42 ± 9.59 | 50.03 ± 9.31 | 0.34 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.33 ± 4.89 | 28.90 ± 4.86 | 28.15 ± 4.77 | 27.32 ± 4.70 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity (MET-h/day) | 40.19 ± 6.98 | 41.75 ± 8.53 | 43.68 ± 9.77 | 46.53 ± 10.21 | < 0.001 |
Female (%) | 66.8% | 61.5% | 58.0% | 51.6% | < 0.001 |
Married (%) | 91.6% | 91.5% | 92.0% | 92.4% | 0.64 |
Urban (%) | 89.2% | 76.1% | 62.8% | 45.7% | < 0.001 |
SES (%) | |||||
Very low | 6.4% | 14.9% | 23.4% | 34.3% | < 0.001 |
Low | 14.7% | 20.1% | 23.0% | 22.2% | |
Medium | 21.6% | 19.6% | 19.8% | 18.9% | |
High | 24.2% | 22.5% | 18.9% | 15.6% | |
Very high | 33.1% | 23.0% | 14.8% | 9.0% | |
Education (university graduated) (%) | 34.2% | 26.8% | 19.0% | 13.7% | < 0.001 |
Diabetes (%) | 26.4% | 18.4% | 15.0% | 9.3% | < 0.001 |
High blood pressure (%) | 25.7% | 24.4% | 21.3% | 17.8% | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular diseases (%) | 9.8% | 9.5% | 8.8% | 8.3% | 0.25 |
Cancer (%) | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 0.60 |
Smoker (%) | 6.0% | 7.5% | 8.8% | 14.1% | < 0.001 |
Alcohol use (%) | 10.5% | 7.7% | 6.8% | 6.2% | < 0.001 |
