Table 4 Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for kidney stone across quartile categories of hPDI score.

From: A cross-sectional study of the association between plant-based diet indices and kidney stones among Iranian adults

 

Quartiles of hPDI

p trend

Q1 (n = 2508)

Q2 (n = 2329)

Q3 (n = 2624)

Q4 (n = 2378)

Kidney stone (n)

344

367

479

423

 

Crude

1.00

1.17 (1.00-1.38)

1.40 (1.20–1.63)

1.36 (1.16–1.58)

< 0.001

Model 1a

1.00

1.15 (0.98–1.35)

1.39 (1.19–1.62)

1.30 (1.11–1.52)

< 0.001

Model 2b

1.00

1.12 (0.95–1.31)

1.31 (1.12–1.53)

1.17 (0.99–1.38)

0.01

Model 3c

1.00

1.11 (0.94–1.31)

1.31 (1.12–1.53)

1.16 (0.98–1.38)

0.01

  1. aModel 1: adjusted for age and sex.
  2. bModel 2: further adjusted for place of residence, SES, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, energy, salt intake, water intake, diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, cancer.
  3. cModel 3: further adjusted for BMI.
  4. hPDI healthful plant-based diet index.
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