Fig. 5

KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Bubble diagrams depict enriched KEGG pathways, KEGG pathway Image usage copyright was obtained through Kanehisa laboratories102,103,104,105. Horizontal and vertical axes represent the gene ratio and specific KEGG pathway names, respectively. Bubble size corresponds to the number of enriched genes. The color gradient transitions from red to blue indicate enrichment significance (high to low). Sankey diagrams illustrate the distribution of screened DEGs across various enriched KEGG pathways. The left side of the plot represents the DEGs, whereas the right side indicates the different KEGG terms. Connecting bands visualize genes assigned to their corresponding KEGG terms. (A) KEGG pathways associated with 38 DEGs in Gene set 2 (total of 5 pathways). (B) KEGG pathways associated with 803 DEGs in Gene set 3 (total of 20 pathways). (C) KEGG pathways associated with 362 DEGs in Gene set 4 (total of 6 pathways).