Fig. 2

Total organic carbon (TOC), TOC:TN (TN = total nitrogen), organic carbon isotopes (δ13CTOC), mercury (Hg) concentrations, and Hg/TOC (only TOC > 0.2%) of the study section. δ13CTOC data have been separated into samples with TOC:TN ≤ 10 (black dots) and samples with TOC:TN > 10 (grey dots). Reference thresholds of TOC:TN of lacustrine algae and C3 land plants are from ref62. Data have been smoothed using LOESS regression (span = 0.1). For δ13CTOC, LOESS smoothing has been performed only on samples with TOC:TN ≤ 10. Abbreviations: NCIE = negative C-isotope excursion, P. = Period, St. = Stage, Fm. = Formation, T. = Thickness, m = metres, OL = Olenekian, SFG = Shaofanggou Fm., HJG = Haojiagou Fm., Lad-Car = Ladinian–Carnian boundary. The upper limit of background Hg values was calculated following ref61.