Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease.

From: Association between cognitive and autonomic dysfunctions in patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease

Variable

N = 82

Age, yr

70.30 ± 9.31

Sex-female

46 (56.10%)

Level of education, yr

9.63 ± 4.90

Disease duration, yr

1.39 ± 0.97

UPDRS-Part III (motor)

23.89 ± 11.42

The HY stage

2.0 [1–3]

SCOPA-AUT, total score*

12.04 ± 8.22

 Gastrointestinal score

2 [0–16]

 Urinary score

6 [0–18]

 Cardiovascular score

0 [0–6]

 Thermoregulatory score

0 [0–6]

 Pupillomotor score

0 [0–6]

MoCA-K score

23.52 ± 4.45

SNSB-II

 

Attention and working memory

 Forward Digit Span, z-score

1.64 ± 0.79

 Backward Digit Span, z-score

0.37 ± 1.23

Language

 Korean-Boston Naming Test, z-score

0.10 ± 1.17

 COWAT animal, z-score

− 0.37 ± 1.07

Visuospatial function

 RCFT copying test, z-score

− 0.14 ± 1.11

 Clock drawing test, normal

64 (78.05%)

Memory

 SVLT delayed recall, z-score

− 0.68 ± 0.99

 RCFT delayed recall, z-score

− 0.34 ± 1.08

Frontal executive function

 COWAT phonemic, z-score

− 0.58 ± 1.12

 Stroop test (color reading), z-score

− 0.39 ± 1.26

  1. Numerical data are presented as mean ± SD or median [min–max] after conducting test of normality with Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Non-numerical data are shown as number (%).
  2. *Total score of SCOPA-AUT was calculated except for sexual domain, since only 25 patients answered the question for the sexual dysfunction.
  3. UPDRS, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale; HY, Hoehn and Yahr; SCOPA-AUT, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease—Autonomic; MoCA-K, Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SNSB, Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; RCFT, Rey Complex Figure Test; SVLT, SVLT, Seoul Verbal Learning Test.
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