Table 2 Mean and SD values of chromophores in the malignancy andbenign groups, categorized by clinical subgroup.
Subgroups | Pathology | THCL/N | StO2-L/N | WaterL/N | LipidL/N | HbO2-L/N | HHbL/N | TOIL/N | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean(SD) | p-value | Mean(SD) | p-value | Mean(SD) | p-value | Mean(SD) | p-value | Mean(SD) | p-value | Mean(SD) | p-value | Mean(SD) | p-value | ||||
Total | Malignant | (n = 37) | 1.68(0.95) | 0.002 | 0.97(0.18) | 0.482 | 1.49(0.53) | < 0.0001 | 0.88(0.17) | 0.015 | 1.61(0.97) | 0.017 | 2.16(2.23) | 0.001 | 1.56(0.57) | < 0.0001 | |
Benign | (n = 25) | 1.13(0.37) | 1.03(0.07) | 1.08(0.18) | 0.97(0.11) | 1.16(0.38) | 1.10(0.46) | 1.08(0.12) | |||||||||
Age | < 50 years | Malignant | (n = 13) | 1.41(0.55) | 0.065 | 1.00(0.06) | 0.336 | 1.34(0.21) | 0.003 | 0.88(0.16) | 0.209 | 1.39(0.48) | 0.122 | 1.52(0.93) | 0.007 | 1.37(0.26) | < 0.001 |
Benign | (n = 17) | 1.13(0.37) | 1.04(0.07) | 1.09(0.20) | 0.94(0.10) | 1.17(0.40) | 1.04(0.33) | 1.10(0.11) | |||||||||
≥ 50 years | Malignant | (n = 24) | 1.83(1.09) | 0.064 | 0.96(0.21) | 1.000 | 1.57(0.63) | 0.002 | 0.88(0.17) | 0.010 | 1.73(1.15) | 0.112 | 2.50(2.63) | 0.086 | 1.67(0.66) | < 0.001 | |
Benign | (n = 8) | 1.14(0.40) | 1.01(0.07) | 1.06(0.14) | 1.04(0.09) | 1.15(0.37) | 1.22(0.66) | 1.04(0.13) | |||||||||
BMI | Normal or underweight | Malignant | (n = 20) | 1.48(0.40) | < 0.001 | 1.01(0.07) | 0.418 | 1.36(0.34) | 0.024 | 0.92(0.08) | 0.287 | 1.50(0.43) | 0.000 | 1.51(0.56) | < 0.001 | 1.40(0.41) | < 0.001 |
Benign | (n = 10) | 0.99(0.18) | 1.04(0.09) | 1.13(0.16) | 0.96(0.13) | 1.03(0.19) | 0.91(0.28) | 1.08(0.11) | |||||||||
Overweight or obese | Malignant | (n = 17) | 1.91(1.32) | 0.213 | 0.93(0.25) | 0.706 | 1.64(0.67) | < 0.001 | 0.83(0.22) | 0.045 | 1.74(1.37) | 0.678 | 2.91(3.10) | 0.122 | 1.75(0.67) | < 0.001 | |
Benign | (n = 15) | 1.23(0.44) | 1.02(0.06) | 1.04(0.19) | 0.98(0.09) | 1.25(0.45) | 1.22(0.51) | 1.08(0.12) | |||||||||
Bra cup size | A | Malignant | (n = 18) | 1.49(0.54) | 0.004 | 1.01(0.07) | 0.601 | 1.34(0.35) | 0.013 | 0.92(0.09) | 0.588 | 1.51(0.61) | 0.008 | 1.50(0.63) | 0.007 | 1.41(0.43) | < 0.001 |
Benign | (n = 12) | 1.03(0.24) | 1.02(0.04) | 1.08(0.20) | 0.95(0.13) | 1.05(0.24) | 0.98(0.27) | 1.06(0.11) | |||||||||
B–E | Malignant | (n = 19) | 1.86(1.21) | 0.078 | 0.94(0.24) | 0.565 | 1.63(0.64) | < 0.001 | 0.83(0.21) | 0.019 | 1.71(1.23) | 0.420 | 2.77(2.95) | 0.035 | 1.71(0.65) | 0.001 | |
Benign | (n = 13) | 1.22(0.45) | 1.04(0.10) | 1.07(0.16) | 0.99(0.08) | 1.27(0.46) | 1.21(0.57) | 1.10(0.12) | |||||||||
Menstrual status | Pre | Malignant | (n = 13) | 1.48(0.52) | 0.045 | 1.03(0.06) | 0.423 | 1.32(0.18) | 0.002 | 0.92(0.06) | 0.373 | 1.53(0.59) | 0.044 | 1.36(0.40) | 0.068 | 1.36(0.19) | < 0.001 |
Benign | (n = 19) | 1.14(0.40) | 1.01(0.05) | 1.09(0.19) | 0.95(0.11) | 1.15(0.42) | 1.10(0.38) | 1.09(0.12) | |||||||||
Peri or post | Malignant | (n = 24) | 1.79(1.12) | 0.066 | 0.95(0.21) | 0.074 | 1.58(0.63) | 0.004 | 0.85(0.20) | 0.024 | 1.65(1.13) | 0.265 | 2.58(2.67) | 0.028 | 1.67(0.67) | 0.002 | |
Benign | (n = 6) | 1.12(0.28) | 1.07(0.12) | 1.04(0.14) | 1.03(0.08) | 1.19(0.23) | 1.10(0.69) | 1.06(0.12) | |||||||||
Menstrual phase | Early | Malignant | (n = 14) | 1.24(0.35) | 0.838 | 1.00(0.05) | 0.385 | 1.30(0.17) | 0.003 | 0.96(0.07) | 0.604 | 1.24(0.36) | 0.747 | 1.25(0.38) | 0.986 | 1.29(0.20) | 0.004 |
Benign | (n = 10) | 1.28(0.47) | 1.03(0.07) | 1.04(0.20) | 0.94(0.11) | 1.30(0.48) | 1.26(0.58) | 1.08(0.12) | |||||||||
Late | Malignant | (n = 5) | 1.84(0.60) | 0.005 | 0.98(0.07) | 0.763 | 1.38(0.33) | 0.082 | 0.81(0.25) | 0.126 | 1.76(0.43) | 0.003 | 2.11(1.31) | 0.032 | 1.44(0.32) | 0.073 | |
Benign | (n = 10) | 1.05(0.32) | 0.99(0.03) | 1.14(0.18) | 0.96(0.11) | 1.04(0.32) | 1.08(0.36) | 1.10(0.11) | |||||||||
Tumor size | ≤ 2 cm | Malignant | (n = 18) | 1.29(0.42) | 0.176 | 0.98(0.13) | 0.295 | 1.22(0.11) | 0.006 | 0.97(0.06) | 0.697 | 1.28(0.52) | 0.475 | 1.76(2.10) | 0.037 | 1.24(0.12) | < 0.001 |
Benign | (n = 19) | 1.12(0.31) | 1.03(0.08) | 1.07(0.19) | 0.96(0.10) | 1.14(0.31) | 1.09(0.47) | 1.08(0.11) | |||||||||
> 2 cm | Malignant | (n = 19) | 2.05(1.16) | 0.028 | 0.97(0.22) | 0.679 | 1.74(0.64) | 0.003 | 0.79(0.19) | 0.008 | 1.93(1.19) | 0.092 | 2.53(2.33) | 0.028 | 1.86(0.66) | 0.001 | |
Benign | (n = 6) | 1.18(0.55) | 1.03(0.05) | 1.10(0.18) | 0.99(0.13) | 1.22(0.59) | 1.13(0.44) | 1.09(0.16) | |||||||||
Distance from skin | ≤ 6 mm | Malignant | (n = 24) | 1.82(0.94) | 0.010 | 0.96(0.22) | 0.901 | 1.57(0.62) | 0.0005 | 0.84(0.19) | 0.004 | 1.71(0.99) | 0.045 | 2.54(2.57) | 0.011 | 1.64(0.61) | < 0.001 |
Benign | (n = 11) | 1.19(0.47) | 1.02(0.04) | 1.08(0.17) | 0.98(0.10) | 1.21(0.49) | 1.14(0.46) | 1.08(0.13) | |||||||||
> 6 mm | Malignant | (n = 13) | 1.42(0.96) | 0.275 | 1.00(0.03) | 0.247 | 1.33(0.26) | 0.019 | 0.96(0.07) | 0.917 | 1.42(0.93) | 0.512 | 1.45(1.16) | 0.104 | 1.41(0.47) | 0.002 | |
Benign | (n = 14) | 1.09(0.27) | 1.04(0.09) | 1.08(0.19) | 0.96(0.11) | 1.13(0.29) | 1.07(0.47) | 1.08(0.11) | |||||||||
Breast thickness | ≤ 2 cm | Malignant | (n = 20) | 1.46(0.46) | 0.002 | 0.99(0.13) | 0.348 | 1.33(0.37) | 0.016 | 0.92(0.10) | 0.22 | 1.45(0.55) | 0.016 | 1.92(2.01) | 0.001 | 1.39(0.42) | < 0.001 |
Benign | (n = 16) | 1.05(0.23) | 1.04(0.08) | 1.10(0.19) | 0.95(0.11) | 1.09(0.25) | 0.99(0.30) | 1.08(0.11) | |||||||||
> 2 cm | Malignant | (n = 17) | 1.94(1.29) | 0.258 | 0.96(0.22) | 0.872 | 1.67(0.64) | < 0.001 | 0.83(0.21) | 0.018 | 1.81(1.30) | 0.419 | 2.44(2.49) | 0.196 | 1.77(0.65) | 0.002 | |
Benign | (n = 9) | 1.28(0.52) | 1.01(0.07) | 1.04(0.18) | 1.00(0.09) | 1.30(0.54) | 1.29(0.62) | 1.09(0.14) | |||||||||
Distance from the nipple | ≤ 3 cm | Malignant | (n = 14) | 1.47(0.48) | 0.027 | 1.01(0.06) | 0.393 | 1.51(0.67) | 0.077 | 0.89(0.16) | 0.253 | 1.49(0.56) | 0.062 | 1.50(0.63) | 0.034 | 1.56(0.63) | 0.001 |
Benign | (n = 16) | 1.14(0.30) | 1.03(0.08) | 1.11(0.18) | 0.94(0.10) | 1.17(0.28) | 1.14(0.49) | 1.11(0.10) | |||||||||
> 3 cm | Malignant | (n = 23) | 1.81(1.14) | 0.026 | 0.96(0.22) | 0.834 | 1.47(0.45) | < 0.001 | 0.87(0.17) | 0.012 | 1.68(1.16) | 0.154 | 2.56(2.72) | 0.007 | 1.56(0.54) | < 0.001 | |
Benign | (n = 9) | 1.12(0.50) | 1.02(0.05) | 1.01(0.17) | 1.02(0.09) | 1.16(0.53) | 1.04(0.40) | 1.03(0.13) | |||||||||
Vascularity | Present | Malignant | (n = 16) | 1.97(1.25) | 0.182 | 1.00(0.08) | 0.681 | 1.67(0.59) | 0.232 | 0.84(0.21) | 0.833 | 1.95(1.22) | 0.232 | 2.14(1.53) | 0.292 | 1.74(0.69) | 0.106 |
Benign | (n = 2) | 1.15(0.51) | 1.03(0.04) | 1.17(0.38) | 0.90(0.18) | 1.19(0.57) | 1.04(0.36) | 1.13(0.15) | |||||||||
Absent | Malignant | (n = 16) | 1.46(0.59) | 0.089 | 0.96(0.23) | 0.738 | 1.27(0.13) | < 0.001 | 0.93(0.08) | 0.083 | 1.34(0.63) | 0.514 | 1.87(2.25) | 0.043 | 1.37(0.31) | < 0.001 | |
Benign | (n = 20) | 1.15(0.38) | 1.02(0.08) | 1.08(0.17) | 0.98(0.10) | 1.18(0.39) | 1.14(0.48) | 1.08(0.12) | |||||||||