Table 3 Biochemical antioxidant parameters; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalyse (CAT), Glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) in gills of L. marginalis exposed to TiO2 after 7 days at each condition (CNT, 5, 50 and 100 µg/L).

From: Ecotoxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis: physiological disruption, oxidative stress, and ecological implications

Biomarkers

CNT

5 µg/L

50 µg/L

100 µg/L

SOD

0.0773 ± 0.00b

0.0607 ± 0.00b

0.1783 ± 0.02a

0.1177 ± 0.07a

CAT

0.117 ± 0.00a

0.267 ± 0.00a

0.1297 ± 0.00a

0.1353 ± 0.01a

GPx

0.0763 ± 0.00a

0.07 ± 0.00c

0.0746 ± 0.01ab

0.064 ± 0.00b

GST

0.383 ± 0.04a

0.1526 ± 0.00a

0.201 ± 0.60a

0.2613 ± 0.00a

  1. The data are represented as mean ± SD and significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among concentrations for each are represented with different letters (lower case letters).
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