Fig. 2

Gene network topology in healthy control individuals. This figure shows the gene network in healthy control individuals, with each node representing a gene and each edge representing a gene pair with a correlation of 0.6 or higher. The edges are fully transparent to focus on the structure and prominence of individual nodes. The size of each node is proportional to the number of other genes and is strongly correlated with, emphasizing the hub genes that are central to the network. Different colors indicate clusters detected by the Louvain method, with each color representing a distinct community of genes: Community 3 is shown in purple, Community 4 in green, and Community 5 in yellow. Genes within each community exhibit strong mutual interactions, illustrating the structure of gene relationships based on correlations in healthy kidney function. These clusters highlight potential functional groupings of genes, with central genes in each community likely playing key roles in maintaining normal cellular processes in the kidneys.