Fig. 2

Primary PAECs and snap frozen peripheral lung tissues from shunt and control animals were compared. (A) Shunt PAECs exhibit higher mitochondrial ROS production based on fluorescence intensity with MitoSOX staining. Results were analyzed as control and shunt pairs, with each shunt normalized to paired control PAEC fluorescence level. N = 3 shunt and 3 control cell lines. Scale bars = 50 μM (B) Shunt PAECs have significantly higher levels of HIF-1α protein by western blot. N = 4 shunt and N = 5 control cell lines. (C) Peripheral lung tissue from shunt animals shows significantly higher levels of superoxide content by EPR analysis (D) Peripheral lung tissue from shunt animals also demonstrates significantly higher levels of HIF-1α protein. N = 5 shunt and N = 5 control animals for tissue studies. Western blots HIF-1α levels are normalized to β-actin as an internal loading control and expressed as band intensity ratios. All p-values calculated by unpaired, 2-tailed t-test with p < 0.05 considered significant. For bar graphs * denotes p-value ≤ 0.05, ** denotes p-value ≤ 0.01, *** denotes p-value ≤ 0.001 and **** denotes p-value ≤ 0.0001.