Fig. 2

Heat stress during grain filling caused flag leaf morphological changes of subsequent plants. A Flag leaf morphology and B longitudinal leaf section stained with 0.2% toluidine blue. C Flag leaf length (n = 20), D thickness (n = 10), E cell layer (n = 5), and F width (n = 10, N.S., not significant) of plants grown from control and heat-developed seeds (error bars represent SD). Significant differences are shown at **P < 0.01 according to Student’s t-test.Heat stress during grain filling caused flag leaf morphological changes of subsequent plants. A Flag leaf morphology and B longitudinal leaf section stained with 0.2% toluidine blue. C Flag leaf length (n = 20), D thickness (n = 10), E cell layer (n = 5), and F width (n = 10, N.S., not significant) of plants grown from control and heat-developed seeds (error bars represent SD). Significant differences are **p<0.01 according to Student’s t-test.