Table 4 Effect of waste water samples and treated samples with different concentrations of Co@Ag on growth of wheat seeds with statistical analysis.

From: Synthesis and application of Cobalt-Silver nanohybrid for antimicrobial wastewater treatment and agricultural productivity enhancement

Concentration of Co@Ag (mg/l)

Shoot length (cm)

Water sample1        Water sample 2

Root length (cm)

Water sample1              Water sample 2

Percent of germination

Water sample1                  Water sample 2

Tap water (control)

7.5b ± 0.5 cm              7.5b ± 0.5 cm

9b ± 0.1 cm                      9b ± 0.1 cm

        90%                                    90%

Waste water

2.4a ± 0.5 cm              2.2a ± 0.5 cm

2.9a ± 0.5 cm                   2.4a ± 0.5 cm

        30%                                    30%

10

8.1b ± 0.1 cm              8.5c ± 0.1 cm

9.6c ± 0.1 cm                   9.5c ± 0.1 cm

       100%                                  100%

20

9.2c ± 0.1 cm              9.7d ± 0.1 cm

11d ± 0.1 cm                    12.5d ± 0.1 cm

       100%                                  100%

  1. The mean is for triplicate measurements from one independent experiment ± SD, a-d means with different superscripts in the same column are considered statistically different (Duncan’s multiple range test, p˂0.0001).
Back to article page