Table 2 Case studies analyzed in focus groups.
Case study | Location | Key Zen principles | Cultural adaptation strategy | Case study | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kōtō-in temple | Kyoto, Japan | Simplicity, Negative Space | Traditional wabi-sabi materials | Kōtō-in Temple | Kyoto, Japan |
Bamboo harmony pavilion | Bali, Indonesia | Natural Harmony | Tropical rattan and open-air design | Bamboo Harmony Pavilion | Bali, Indonesia |
Berlin digital Zen Café | Berlin, Germany | Negative Space | Parametric voids with LED lighting | Berlin Digital Zen Café | Berlin, Germany |
Taipei urban teahouse | Taipei, Taiwan | Spatial Balance | Modular bamboo partitions | Taipei Urban Teahouse | Taipei, Taiwan |
Marrakech Oasis Lounge | Marrakech, Morocco | Natural Harmony | Local tadelakt plaster and olive wood | Marrakech Oasis Lounge | Marrakech, Morocco |
Helsinki minimalist hub | Helsinki, Finland | Simplicity | Reindeer hide textures with birch | Helsinki Minimalist Hub | Helsinki, Finland |
