Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population.
Variables | Total (n/median) | COVID-19 symptoms severity | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild or moderate | Severe | |||
Sex | ||||
Males | 635 | 243 (38.3%) | 392 (61.73%) | 0.557 |
Females | 349 | 141 (40.4%) | 208 (59.60%) | |
Age | ||||
18–65 | 697 | 279 (40.03%) | 418 (59.97%) | 0.35 |
> 65 | 287 | 105 (36.59%) | 182 (63.41%) | |
BMI | ||||
< 18.5 | 55 | 17 (30.91%) | 38 (69.09%) | 0.434 |
18.5–23.9 | 626 | 249 (39.78%) | 377 (60.22%) | |
≥ 24 | 303 | 118 (38.94%) | 185 (61.06%) | |
Smoking | ||||
Never smoke | 347 | 163 (46.97%) | 184 (53.03%) | 0.0002 |
Passive smoking | 206 | 61 (29.61%) | 145 (70.39%) | |
Ever smoke | 90 | 36 (40%) | 54 (60%) | |
Smoking | 341 | 119 (34.9%) | 222 (65.1%) | |
Habitation | ||||
City | 514 | 248 (48.25%) | 266 (51.75%) | < 0.0001 |
Rural | 470 | 136 (28.94%) | 334 (71.06%) | |
Vaccination | ||||
Vaccinated | 951 | 371 (39.01%) | 580 (60.99%) | 1 |
Unvaccinated | 33 | 13 (39.39%) | 20 (60.61%) | |
Treatment method | ||||
Do Noting | 93 | 62 (66.67%) | 31 (33.33%) | < 0.0001 |
Self-take medicine | 600 | 256 (42.67%) | 344 (57.33%) | |
Go to hospital | 291 | 66 (22.68%) | 225 (77.32%) | |
Breakfast intake per week | ||||
Less than 2 days | 115 | 53 (46.09%) | 62 (53.91%) | < 0.0001 |
2 to 5 days | 235 | 52 (22.13%) | 183 (77.87%) | |
More than 5 days | 634 | 279 (44.01%) | 355 (55.99%) | |
Three meals a day | ||||
Yes | 94 | 351 (39.44%) | 539 (60.56%) | 0.479 |
No | 890 | 33 (35.11%) | 61 (64.89%) | |
Wholegrain intake | ||||
Barely | 195 | 77 (39.49%) | 118 (60.51%) | 0.855 |
Less than 2 times per week | 413 | 157 (38.01%) | 256 (61.99%) | |
More than 3 times per week | 376 | 150 (39.89%) | 226 (60.11% | |
Beverage | ||||
Purity water | 705 | 112 (40.14%) | 167 (59.86%) | 0.704 |
Another beverage | 279 | 272 (38.58%) | 433 (61.42%) | |
Comorbidity | ||||
No | 779 | 322 (41.34%) | 457 (58.66%) | 0.005 |
Yes | 205 | 62 (30.24%) | 143 (69.76%) | |
CD4 count | ||||
< 200 | 134 | 57 (42.54%) | 77 (57.46%) | 0.652 |
200–500 | 498 | 190 (38.15%) | 308 (61.85%) | |
> 500 | 352 | 137 (38.92%) | 215 (61.08%) | |
Anxiety | ||||
Noun | 856 | 360 (42.06%) | 496 (57.94%) | < 0.0001 |
Mild | 95 | 20 (21.05%) | 75 (78.95%) | |
Moderate/Severe | 33 | 4 (12.12%) | 29 (87.88%) | |
Sleep quality | ||||
Mild | 41 | 12 (29.27%) | 29 (70.73%) | < 0.0001 |
Moderate | 327 | 97 (29.66%) | 230 (70.34%) | |
Good | 616 | 275 (44.64%) | 341 (55.36%) | |
HIV viral load | ||||
High(≥ 10,000 copies/ml) | 5 (35.71%) | 9 (64.29%) | 0.916 | |
Mild(< 10,000 copies/ml) | 245 (40.77%) | 356 (59.23%) | ||
Tuberculosis | ||||
Free of infection | 332 (38.47%) | 531 (61.53%) | 1 | |
Have been cured | 1 (25%) | 3 (75%) | ||
On the treatment | 1 (33.33%) | 2 (66.67%) | ||
